Transportation

TRANSPORTATION

choice of transportation depends on

cost involved

urgency of order

speed and security

types of goods

distance involved

motorbike in city

small carrier in small area

TIR (Transport International Routier) in international trade

PROS

fairy cheap and fast over short distance

can deliver door-to-door

no subjects to fixed timetable

routes can be changed at short notice

CONS

slower over long distance

limited weight

road traffics, strikes and bad weather can cause delay

risk of road accidents

TYPES OF VESSEL

ro-ro ferries (roll-on roll-off):

lorries of all kinds can drive on to the ship and off again the other side

is quick and efficient

bulk carriers

are built to carry particular types of bulk cargoes

refrigerator plants can keep perishable food fresh for long time

liners

sail at regular times on fixed routes

have for cargo shipment term of a charter party

tramp ship

have no set times rotes

can find suitable cargoes

container ship

are built to carry containers

PROS

suitable for bulk goods

cheaper than air transport

can cover long distance

CONS

slower than air transport

needs other forms of transport to and from the port of destination

subject to whether conditions and timetables

risk of accidents can have effect on environment

most recent means of transport

a shipper can charter a whole aircraft for the transport of his goods with an air charter party

PROS

fast over long distance

suitable for urgently-required, perishable goods

CONS

expensive

suffers from delays

needs other forms of transport to and from the airport

large steel boxes of an internationally agreed size, which are transported as a sealed unit

goods can be packed into them efficiently and then the whole container is transported as a single items

are expert in the transportation of goods

are employed by companies to organize stages of freight shipment

arrange for goods to be packaged, stored and transported

take on responsibility for arranging all of necessary documentation associated with international transport

can also arrange insurance of goods and deal with situation where goods are damage or lost in transit

are responsible for dealing with the formalities of international customs

accompany the transport of goods from one country to another country

serve as both a receipt for the consignment of goods and a contract of carriage between the sender and the carrier

are kept a copy by consignee, consignor and carrier

INTERNATIONAL ROAD CONSIGNMENT

is filled in by carrier of road consignment of goods

contains

name and addresses of consignee, consignor and carrier

description of goods

date and place of departure

carriage charges

RAILWAY CONSIGNMENT NOTE

stating that goods have been entrusted to the rail authorised

is issued at a local railway station

contains:

name and addresses of consignee, consignor and both station

description of cargo

carriage charges

BILL OF LADING

is contract between an exporter and a shipping company

contains

details about shipment

parties involved

cover see transport

a combined b/l includes road transport

serves as

document declaring who is the legal owner of the goods

receipt for he goods, confirming that they have been loaded and also what condition they are in

types

clean when the carrier states that the goods were receive in good condition

foul when the carrier states that the goods were not receive in good condition

AIR WAYBILL

is a consignment note for goods transported by air

protects people and companies against accident, risks or losses

insurer (insurance company) and the insured (who requires insurance) sign a contract called insurance policy which is a document specifying the precise terms on which an insurance cover has been provided, including the level of financial compensation (indemnity) that will be paid

company pays a sum called premium

in the event of loss company makes a claim and will be reimbursed