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| Visite: 1236 | Gradito: |   [ Picolo appunti ] |
Leggi anche appunti:William Blake - Songs of innocenceWilliam Blake Songs of innocence: -Introduction (summary): · child The xviii centuryTHE XVIII CENTURY The XVIII century is called New Classical Age, or The The symphonic poemThe symphonic poem Symphonic Poem or Tone Poem, 19th- and |
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BUSINESS ORGANISATION
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board of director group of people that manages a company |
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managing director has the power of making decision |
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sales manager is responsible for the sale from the order to the transport, the delivery etc |
marketing manager is responsible for market research, advertising and distribution |
human resources manager is responsible for the recruiting and firing of the staff |
purchasing manager is responsible for the buying of row material, component, equipments, stationery, etc |
production manager is responsible for he production and transformation of goods |
financial manager is responsible for the finance resource, wages and billing |
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decentralized business is when the managing director delegates the responsibility of decision-making to head of each departments
centralised business is when managers' autonomy is limited and where the main decisions are generally made by managing director board of director
SOLE TRADER
the business is set up by one person who is entirely responsible for his own business debts, that is to say he has unlimited liability
ADVANTAGES
the owner can monitor everything personally
the owner receives all the profits
the owner can make decision quickly
DISADVANTAGES
the owner can lose all his personal assets if the business fails
there are limited resources of finance because all capital must be provided by one person
there is no one share the workload or ideas with
PARTNERSHIP
there are two types and the difference is that the partners have, respectively, limited and unlimited liability
UNLIMITED PARTNERSHIP
all of the partners are liable for the debts of any of the other
UNLIMITED PARTNERSHIP
some partners only contribute capital to business, and do not take an active role in management they are liable only for the amount of money they initially invested in the business, and are known as limited partners however, at least one partner must have unlimited liability he is know as the general or unlimited partner
LIMITED COMPANIES
is formed by a minimum of two shareholders who have shares
any profits made by the company are divided among the shareholders in proportion to the amount they have invested and these payment are called dividends
there are two types of limited company
PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANIES
they must have Ltd after their name
they cannot be quoted on the Stock Excange
their shares can only be sold with agreement of all shareholders
PUBBLIC LIMITED COMPANIES
they must have Plc after their name
they can be quoted on the Stock Excange
their shares can be sold with no restriction to the general public
companies have different ways that they can expand
the cost involved
the availability of resource
the desired speed of entry into new market
the firm's expertise
the flexibility required
the profit objectives
companies have different ways that they can expand
franchising
licensing
joint venture
cooperatives
holding company
multinational
FRANCHISING
business strategy agreement between franchisor and franchisee
FRANCHISOR
gives the franchisee
right to use the brand
right to sell its product
shops ready with furniture, equipment
training
FRANCHISEE
must give the franchisor a percentage of the profits and doesn't need to spend money on advertising
LICENSING
company can't export its products directly and this company can decide to sell the right to use its brand name to a manufacturer in a foreign country
LICENSOR
the company that give this right
LICENSEE
the company that receive this right
JOINT VENTURE
is a business formed by two or more companies which invest some capital in the venture: the costs and profits are shared in agreed proportions between the companies
there are three types of joint ventures:
A VERTICAL JOINT VENTURE
involves two business forming a company, each one specialises in a different stage in the production of specific goods or services
A HORIZONTAL/LATERAL JOINT VENTURE
involves two business forming a company, but unlike a vertical joint venture, these two companies are involved in the same stage of production/distribution of the goods or services
A CONGLOMERATE JOINT VENTURE
involves two companies working together with completely different business activities and could arise if the demand for a company's original product decreased and the company decide to invest its capital elsewhere
COOPERATIVE
cooperatives are business organisations where all employees have a vote
no one member can dominate
all members have limited liability
HOLDING COMPANIES
is a company that acquires control over another company - the subsidiary - by the purchasing 51% of its voting shares
will have majority control over the production and distribution of the company it has acquire
can diversify into other fields to obtain a stronger position in different sector
MULTINATIONAL
is a company which produces in more than one country but has its headquarters in just one
bigger companies invest in developing countries
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